Thermal conduction is the transfer of heat (internal energy) by microscopic collisions of particles and movement of electrons within a organ. In conduction, the heat flow is within and through the body itself. Heat spontaneously flows from a hotter to a colder body. For example, heat is conducted from the hotplate of an electric stove to the bottom of a saucepan in contact with it. In the absence of an external driving energy source to the contrary, within a body or between bodies, temperature differences decay over time, and thermal equilibrium is approached, temperature becoming more uniform.

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