Negative space is the space between and around objects and shapes. It is not, however, merely what is left over after the composition has been organized. Negative space is an important player in the composition and should not be treated casually. 

Defining space and encouraging people to move through space in specific ways are basic tasks of architecture. The very concept of walls – the most fundamental element of architecture – is based on containing and defining space. When we look at a building, we notice its scale and form but as soon as we enter it – or even get close to it – we begin interacting with its empty spaces. Courtyards, hallways, meeting rooms, offices and storage closets, galleries and event spaces are just some examples of architectural spaces we typically find in public buildings. The size, shape and arrangement of these empty spaces is ultimately every bit as important as the material form and visual appearance of the building. If the spaces aren’t effective the building is seen as more or less dysfunctional.

Image Description: In this photograph of San Francisco’s City Hall, we see an example of the effective use of architectural empty space. As the public enters the building there is immediate access to more than a dozen corridors leading directly to the offices of different city agencies. The main staircase invites visitors to move easily from the ground floor to the mezzanine level and then into the heart of the building. The staircase doubles as a podium for speakers and the entire foyer is a perfect setting for ceremonies and major events. All of these activities are what we expect to happen in a civic center and this building provides a graceful space for all of them…just a few feet inside its main entrance. As you can see, “empty space” is at the very heart and soul of architecture.

Description sourced from Design: A Beginner’s Handbook. Image sourced from Design: A Beginner’s Handbook.